This study examines the origins and international diffusion of Geographical Indications (GI), as well as their adoption and limitations in Asian countries. Originating from the protection of Roquefort cheese in France, GI was institutionalized through the TRIPS Agreement and the Lisbon Agreement (Geneva Act), and has since been expanded globally by the European Union (EU) via FTAs and bilateral agreements. Korea, Japan, and China introduced or reinforced GI systems in response to such agreements; however, several challenges remain, including low consumer awareness, weakened distinctiveness due to differences between phonetic and ideographic scripts, conflicts with trademarks and common names, and the absence of non-agricultural GI schemes. To address these issues, this paper suggests enhancing public awareness, incorporating equivalent and transliterated terms into legal frameworks, developing detailed guidelines for conflicts, and gradually expanding GI protection to non-agricultural products. By conceptualizing GI as a “third domain” of intellectual property rights, the paper highlights the need for institutional adjustments and presents prospects for the development of GI in the Asian context.