With growing attention being paid to electric vehicle (EV) technology as a response to climate change, researchers have been actively investigating the classification and trajectory trends of EV technology. This study aims to understand and characterize EV technological trends by combining EV patent citation and text data. The analysis of EV patent data was conducted using knowledge-persistence-based main path analysis and the latest topic modeling methodology, BERTopic, yielding a detailed showcase of technological trajectories according to a classification considering specific technologies. The analysis identified a core technological trajectory comprising 200 patents, which falls into three topics: “Propulsion & Control,” “Charging & Battery,” and “Circuit Thermal Management & Autonomous Driving.” The study reveals interactions and concerted developments between “Propulsion & Control” and “Charging & Battery” technologies; the importance of hybrid vehicles and wireless charging technologies; advancements in circuit thermal management technologies; the emergence of autonomous driving technologies. Using quantitative patent data, this study delivers technological insights for stakeholders in the EV industry, contributing to the identification and classification of EV technological trajectory trends.