Journal of Intellectual Property (J Intellect Property; JIP)

KCI Indexed
OPEN ACCESS, PEER REVIEWED

pISSN 1975-5945
eISSN 2733-8487
Research Article

Assessing Likelihood of Confusion and Trademark Similarity in Infringement Litigation: Analysis of the U.S. Second Circuit’s Decision in Rise Brewing Co. v. PepsiCo Inc. (Dec. 19, 2024)

Chief Presiding Administrative Judge (Board no. 22), Intellectual Property Trial and Appeal Board, Republic of Korea

Correspondence to Tae-Min Eom, E-mail: tmeom@korea.kr

Volume 20, Number 3, Pages 105-128, September 2025.
Journal of Intellectual Property 2025;20(3):105-128. https://doi.org/10.34122/jip.2025.20.3.105
Received on April 22, 2025, Revised on May 08, 2025, Accepted on August 27, 2025, Published on September 30, 2025.
Copyright © 2025 Korea Institute of Intellectual Property.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the article is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Abstract

This article analyzes the recent ruling in RiseandShine Corp. v. PepsiCo, Inc., 23-1176-cv (2d Cir. Dec. 19, 2024) by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit regarding trademark infringement. The Court addressed whether PepsiCo’s “MTN DEW RISE” mark infringes RiseandShine’s registered “RISE BREWING CO.” mark, determining that despite both marks featuring the term ‘Rise’ prominently, no likelihood of confusion existed due to dissimilarity between them. This article highlights the ruling’s importance in reaffirming the application of the Polaroid factors—criteria for judging consumer confusion since 1961—and clarifying key considerations for judging acquired distinctiveness through mark use, including advertising expenditures, sales success, and attempts to plagiarize the mark. Additionally, the decision emphasizes the importance of trademark strength and the degree of similarity between the marks among the Polaroid factors in infringement assessments.

Keywords

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, Rise Brewing v. PepsiCo Inc., Distinctiveness, Similarity of Marks, Likelihood of Confusion, Polaroid factors

Notes

Conflicts of Interest

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Funding

The author received manuscript fees for this article from Korea Institute of Intellectual Property.

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